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Medically Reviewed By Emelia Arquilla, DO — Written By Healthgrades Editorial Staff Updated on January 25, 2022 A low white blood cell (WBC) count, or leukopenia, is a decreased number of WBCs (leukocytes) in the blood. WBCs are an important part of your immune system and your body’s natural weapon to fight off bacteria, viruses, and other germs. When you have a low WBC count, you may be immunosuppressed, which means that you are more vulnerable to potentially serious infections that do not go away on their own or are hard to treat. This article will outline some causes of a low WBC count. It will explain possible complications of a low WBC count and how to treat and prevent it. Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. What can cause a low white blood cell count?Bloomberg/Getty Images A low WBC count can be caused by a variety of conditions, as well as certain medications. In some cases, there is no known cause. Conditions that can cause a low white blood cell countA low WBC count can be due to a variety of different conditions that either destroy WBCs or inhibit their production in the bone marrow. These include:
Medications that can reduce the number of white blood cellsA low WBC count can also be the result of medications or medical treatments that a doctor has given you for an underlying condition, such as:
Treatments that can lower your WBC count include:
SymptomsA low WBC count may accompany other symptoms, which vary depending on the underlying disease, disorder, or condition. Some symptoms can include:
Seek prompt medical care if you have a low WBC count and have signs of an infection, such as a fever, swollen lymph nodes, a sore throat, or skin lesions. What are the potential complications of a low white blood cell count?A poorly controlled or untreated low WBC count can be serious and even life threatening due to increased vulnerability to potentially life threatening infectious diseases, such as:
Life threatening complications of these diseases include:
Contact your physician if you know you could have a low WCB count due to a condition or previous testing and notice you are experiencing frequent infections. Anyone who has frequent infections should also contact their doctor to discuss the underlying cause and identify an appropriate treatment method. Symptoms of an infectionSymptoms of an infection can include:
DiagnosisA low WBC count may be noticeable during routine testing or through the course of diagnosis and treatment for an underlying condition. Doctors can check WBC count through lab tests on blood. Healthy ranges for WBC counts are as follows: These ranges may vary for children of different ages or people who are pregnant. TreatmentThe correct treatment for low WBC will depend on what has caused the condition. Often, treatment will involve antibiotics. Doctors may also recommend treatments that can raise the number of WBCs again. This may involve myeloid growth factors, sometimes called colony-stimulating factors. These proteins help the bone marrow produce more WBCs. These can include:
If you are undergoing cancer treatment, doctors may recommend delaying treatment to give your body time to recover its WBC count. PreventionBecause a low WBC count can be the result of an underlying condition, it is not always possible to prevent it. However, a person with a low WBC should use the following tips to prevent getting an infection, as this could cause complications:
Learn more tips on preventing infections with a low WBC count. SummaryA low WBC count may be the result of an underlying condition, such as an infection, blood disorder, or autoimmune condition. If you know you have a low WBC count, try to avoid situations where you could get an infection. If you experience frequent infections, contact your physician. What is the most common reason for low white blood cell count?A low white blood cell count usually is caused by: Viral infections that temporarily disrupt the work of bone marrow. Certain disorders present at birth (congenital) that involve diminished bone marrow function. Cancer or other diseases that damage bone marrow.
Is low white blood count serious?Underlying causes for a low white blood cell count can range from benign disorders, such as vitamin deficiencies, to more serious blood diseases, such as leukemia or lymphoma. A truly low white blood cell count also puts you at higher risk for infections — typically bacterial infections.
When should I be worried about low white blood cells?How many white blood cells (WBCs) someone has varies, but the normal range is usually between 4,000 and 11,000 per microliter of blood. A blood test that shows a WBC count of less than 4,000 per microliter (some labs say less than 4,500) could mean your body may not be able to fight infection the way it should.
What disease causes low white blood cell count?A low white blood cell count can be an indicator of certain conditions, including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, vitamin deficiencies, or a side effect of cancer treatment.
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