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Terms in this set (88)T/F: The exact cause of schizophrenia is unknown True We cannot pinpoint anything, but social stressors, environmental stressors, and genetics all probably contribute. T/F: Visual hallucinations are the most common type of perceptual abnormalities in schizophrenia False. Auditory hallucinations are the most common type of perceptual abnormalities in schizophrenia. T/F: Schizophrenia is most frequently diagnosed in late adolescence and early adulthood True T/F: The use of the newer antipsychotic medications has improved medication adherence True T/F: Denial of illness is frequently seen in schizophrenia True Fixed, false beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument are ______________. Delusions ____________________ impairment appears to be separate from both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Cognitive Evidence supports a familial, or _________________, base for schizophrenia. biological Patients with schizophrenia are often not motivated to perform activities of daily living because of the _________ symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative Prodromal Phase People present with sx relatively subtle on avg. 4-5 years before their first psychotic break. Age of onset for schizo usually late adolescence, early adulthood Gender differences in schizo earlier dx and poorer prognosis in men Familial differences in schizo first-degree biologic relatives w/ greater risk Etiology of schizo: psychosocial theories -NO ACCEPTED PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES Etiology of schizo: biologic theories -Neurodevelopmental Theory (genetics + environment) Dopamine Hypothesis Some sort of change in the brain is what mostely leads to positive symptoms antipsychotic that worked originally blocked dopamine Biological risk factors for schizo -low birth weight Schizo is more likely to develop in babies born: -during and after flu epidemics Genetic risk factors for schizophrenia If one twin has schizo, the chance of the ohter one also having it are much greater if the twins are identical. Having adoptive siblings (or parents) w/ schizophrenia does not increase the likelihood of developing schizo DSM-5 Key Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia Spectrum During a one-month period, but w/ continuous signs of disturbance persisting for at least 6 months, at least 2 of 5 are present: *at least one of these must be present
Positive Schizophrenia Symptoms From an excess of dopamine (DA) Hallucinations (auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, gustatory) Delusions Tactile Hallucinations False perception of tactile sensory input that creates a hallucinatory sensation of physical contact with an imaginary object. Ex: feeling something crawling on the body Gustatory Hallucinations A hallucination of taste Persecutory Delusions others intend to harm or persecute Reference Delusions events w/ in environment pertain to individual (ex: events in the news) Grandiose Delusions exaggerating feeling of importance, power, knowledge or identity Nihilistic Delusions self, part of self, others or world is nonexistent Somatic Delusions false idea about body function Religious Delusions excessive demonstration of or obsession w/ religious ideas/behavior Schizophrenia Symptoms: Neurocognitive Impairment (a pos symptom, but kind-of a category of its own) Negative Schizophrenia Symptoms Affective blunting, anhedonia, avolition, alogia, apathy
anhedonia inability to feel pleasure avolition decrease in motivation to initiate and perform self-directed purposeful activities alogia inability to speak apathy lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern Disorganized Thinking -echolalia Verbigeration An excessive repetition of meaningless and stereotyped words of phrases Echolalia Repetition of another person's words Neologisms Using an existing word w/ a new meaning Metonymic Speech use of a word or phrase that is closely related to the proper one but is not the one ordinarily used ex: the patient speaks of consuming a menu, not a meal Concrete thinking literal thinking- opposite of abstract thinking. Echopraxia Person imitates the clinician's actions even when asked not to do so referential thinking thought that others are referencing you when they are not tangentiality tendency to speak about topics unrelated to the main topic of discussion stilted language speech content that is inappropriately pompous, legalistic, philosophical, or quaint
autistic thinking narcisistic/egocentric thoughts clang association association of words based on sound rather than concept Disorganized Behavior Aggression, agitation, catatonic excitement, echopraxia, regressed behavior, sterotypy, hypervigilance, waxy flexibility Catatonic excitement a highly-agitated state in which a patient exhibits extreme restlessness to the point of exhaustion. This results in repetitive speech (cataphasia) and purposeless motor activity wherein the person is unable to remain calm and immobile Hyper-vigilance enhanced state of sensory sensitivity accompanied by an exaggerated intensity of behaviors whose purpose is to detect threats Waxy flexibility a psychomotor symptom of catatonic schizophrenia which leads to a decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture Clinical course of schizophrenia Prodromal
period Schizoaffective Disorder Uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major depressive, manic or mixed episode concurrent with two [Criterion A] symptoms for schizophrenia Increased Risk for suicide ***diff from schizophrenia b/c mood disorders included Paranoid Schizophrenia Characterized by paranoid delusions. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia Bizarre behavior that does not meet criteria for other types of schizophrenia. Brief Psychotic Disorder One or more Criterion A symptom for schizophrenia present for at least 1 day but less than 1 month Shared Psychotic Disorder Delusional system develops in a second person as a result of a close relationship with another person who already has a psychotic disorder with prominent delusions. Delusional Disorder Stable, well systemized and logical delusions that occur in the absence of other psychiatric disorders for at least 1 month Psychotic Disorder NOS -not enough information/adequate info to put someone in a category Substance-induced psychotic disorder resolve after substance cleared Schizophrenia Nursing Process -Disturbed thought process Interventions Schizo Symptom assessment & management --> validation, promote reality-based
perceptions Psychopharm in tx of shizo -antipsychotics Negative symptoms examples -social wd First Generation Antipsychotics -Better at relieving positive symptoms Thorazine (chlorpromazine) Side Effects of First Generation Antipsychotics Anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth) EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIDEEFFECTS (EPS) Akinesia Akinesia Muscular weakness and/or loss of muscular movement Akathisia The inability to sit or stand still accompanied by an intense feeling of anxiety. Begins first 60 days of drug therapy and usualy persists Dystonia Muscle spasms in
the head or neck. Parkinsonism stooped posture, shuffling gait, rigidity, bradykinesia, tremors at rest, pill-rolling motion of the hand TARDIVE DYSKINESIA -A form of
EPS. Pathophysiology of EPS It is theorized that administering APMs, which are D2 antagonists, initiates blockage of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia, thus creating a reduction of dopamine responses to the brain. This reduction = alteration in a persons movement and functioning resulting in EPS Second Generation/Atypical Antipsychotics More likely to cause weight gain / metabolic disorders than the 1st gen. Block dopamine and
serotonin receptors Diabetes and Atypical Antipsychotics Weight gain Clozapine
(Clozaril) Patients taking Clozapine and Olanzapine should be screened for Diabetes every 6 months What is the correct nursing diagnosis for delusions? Disturbed thought proces What is the correct nursing diagnosis for hallucinations? Disturbed sensory perception Catatonic Subtype of Schizophrenia -motor immobility or stupor Schizophreniform Same criteria A for schizophrenia, exception is that the duration of the illness can be less than 6 months, but must be present for at least one month. Schizotypal Personality Disorder No delusions, but some weird beliefs or magical thinking. Function ok but seem a little strange to other people. ECT Treatments -Used in disorders where they have tried other things, and nothing else
works or if a patient is despirately suicidal. Example of validation in treating a schizophrenic patient: "I know this is really scary for you, I can see that you're scared. What can I do to help?" Or even just provide company. Which types of symptoms are dopamine based? Positive symptoms Clozapine (Clozaril) A second-generation antipsychotic Agranulocytosis A deficiency of granulocytes in the blood, causing increased vulnerability to infection. Which drugs increase risk for agranulocytosis? Clozapine (Clozaril) - a 2nd gen antipsychotic Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) A side effect of first-generation antipsychotics Which antipsychotic medications require screening for DM every 6 months? Olanzapine (Zyprexa) Sets with similar termsM/H Ch. 24 -- Schizophrenia and other psychotic di…54 terms Emili_Moore Abnormal Psychology- Chapter 13- Schizophrenia55 terms eleanorcoggins Chapter 13: Schizophrenia and other psychotic diso…35 terms gianna_covelli LLU NRSG 217 Psych-Schizophrenia83 terms rpownall Sets found in the same folderPsych Midterm Pre-Lecture Questions140 terms Tayla_Daniels Chapter 17 Mental Health Care for Survivors of Vio…84 terms yjackson106131 Substance Use Disorders84 terms mandz91 MH Exam 2 ( Practice Questions )86 terms haileyneu Other sets by this creatorNursing Role17 terms mandz91 ID #1109 terms mandz91 NCLEX Physiological Adaptation, Medical Emergencie…7 terms mandz91 Blood Tests33 terms mandz91 Other Quizlet setsCh. 18 Study Module13 terms jerry_diaz74 Famous People (1st 12-Reversed)12 terms UBNO Russian Year Three Part 1558 terms jack_kelly_1982 Related questionsQUESTION How do Creon and Ismene react to the burial of Polyneices? 10 answers QUESTION What are the 2 principal protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton? 15 answers QUESTION Combines pointed arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses, invented in construction of Abby of St. Denis by Abbot Sugar 2 answers QUESTION Viruses have to do what to reproduce 15 answers Which type of hallucinations is the most common in people with schizophrenia?Yet for the person with schizophrenia, they have the full force and impact of a normal experience. Hallucinations can be in any of the senses, but hearing voices is the most common hallucination. Disorganized thinking (speech).
What type of hallucination is most common quizlet?The most common type of hallucination is auditory hallucination. Auditory hallucinations affect the brocas area of the brain which is the area that has to do with speech production.
What is the commonest type of hallucinations?Hearing voices when no one has spoken (the most common type of hallucination). These voices may be positive, negative, or neutral.
Which of the following would be an example of the most common type of schizophrenic hallucination quizlet?One of the most common types of hallucination in people with schizophrenia is an auditory hallucination, which is a term for sounds that a person hears in their head.
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The most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is quizlet
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