A conclusion is an important part of the paper; it provides closure for the reader while reminding the reader of the contents and importance of the paper. It accomplishes this by stepping back from the specifics in order to view the bigger picture of the document. In other words, it is reminding the reader of the main argument. For most course papers, it is usually one paragraph that simply and succinctly restates the main ideas and arguments, pulling everything together to help clarify the thesis of the paper. A conclusion does not introduce new ideas; instead, it should clarify the intent and importance of the paper. It can also suggest possible future research on the topic. Show An Easy Checklist for Writing a Conclusion
Conclusion ExampleAs addressed in my analysis of recent research, the advantages of a later starting time for high school students significantly outweigh the disadvantages. A later starting time would allow teens more time to sleep--something that is important for their physical and mental health--and ultimately improve their academic performance and behavior. The added transportation costs that result from this change can be absorbed through energy savings. The beneficial effects on the students’ academic performance and behavior validate this decision, but its effect on student motivation is still unknown. I would encourage an in-depth look at the reactions of students to such a change. This sort of study would help determine the actual effects of a later start time on the time management and sleep habits of students. Mediocrity is not a bad thing. Let go of the pressure to be perfect. A finished Phd is better than a perfect PhD that never gets finished. 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You can make it part of the discussion, concluding that section without giving it a separate heading. Its contents, however, signal to readers that they have reached the end of the paper. Alternatively, you can make Conclusions a subheading under the Discussion section—it does not matter one way or the other. You can skim through some recent papers in the journal to which you want to submit the paper and see what format they prefer, namely, a concluding paragraph with or without an explicit heading. That would be the least of your worries: the main thing is to know what to include in that paragraph, and this article offers you some tips on how to write a good conclusion for a research paper.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><b><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">How a conclusion differs from an abstract</span></b></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">You may wonder how a conclusion is different from an abstract: both are short, typically a single paragraph, containing essential information and meant for those who may not have the time to read the paper in full. The difference lies in the purpose: the abstract is meant for the same category of readers who, you hope, will read the paper; the abstract is there to help them decide whether they should. The conclusion, on the other hand, is for those in a hurry and who may have neither the time nor the expertise to read the full paper but are keen to know the bottom line, namely, what is the outcome of your research and whether they should revise their knowledge or practice in any way in the light of those findings.</span></span></span></span></p><div class="article-banner-image-middle rlife-banner-tracking 23460"> <div class="desktop_view"> <a class="banner-tracking" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://accounts.researcher.life/sso-usercheck?application=r-life&continue=https%3A//researcher.life/my-research&feature=top-research-assistant-qna&usersource=editage-insights&utm_campaign=top-qna-research-assistant-banner-35&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=insights-row" data-event-category="Detail page banner click" data-event-action="Banner click - Article - Guest user" data-event-label="top-qna-research-assistant-banner-35"> <img id="rlife-detail-page-banner-desktop-middle" src="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2022-08/banner_36_desktop_11.png" srx="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2022-08/banner_36_desktop_11.png" class="lazyload"></a> </div> <div class="mobile_view"> <a class="banner-tracking" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://accounts.researcher.life/sso-usercheck?application=r-life&continue=https%3A//researcher.life/my-research&feature=top-research-assistant-qna&usersource=editage-insights&utm_campaign=top-qna-research-assistant-banner-35&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=insights-row" data-event-category="Detail page banner click" data-event-action="Banner click - Article - Guest user" data-event-label="top-qna-research-assistant-banner-35"> <img id="rlife-detail-page-banner-mobile-middle" src="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2022-08/banner_36_mobile_5.png" srx="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2022-08/banner_36_mobile_5.png" class="lazyload"></a> </div> <div class="tablet_view"> <a class="banner-tracking" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://accounts.researcher.life/sso-usercheck?application=r-life&continue=https%3A//researcher.life/my-research&feature=top-research-assistant-qna&usersource=editage-insights&utm_campaign=top-qna-research-assistant-banner-35&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=insights-row" data-event-category="Detail page banner click" data-event-action="Banner click - Article - Guest user" data-event-label="top-qna-research-assistant-banner-35"> <img src="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2022-08/banner_36_desktop_13.png" srx="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2022-08/banner_36_desktop_13.png" class="lazyload"></a> </div> </div><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">Another simple difference is that whereas an abstract has a specified limit on its length (typically 250–300 words), the conclusion, although short, is not constrained by such a limit.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><b><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">What to leave out in the conclusion</span></b><br><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">More than what to write in a research paper conclusion, it is important to know what to leave out, because a common error is to treat the conclusion as though it were a summary. You leave out any reference to the methods, and you leave out nearly all of the results section. Also avoid any citations, and do not mention any tables or figures that are part of the paper. </span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">It is increasingly common for authors to mention some limitations of their study. However, even that part belongs to the discussion section, usually towards its end, but cannot be part of the conclusion.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><b><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">What to include in the conclusion</span></b></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">On the other hand, you may pick up some text from the introduction, especially from its end, namely, the objectives. Here is a made-up example of a research paper conclusion: “The highest yield among the plots that had received different doses of fertilizers was from the one that was supplied 25 kg each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium per hectare. Therefore, this amount is recommended as the optimum dose for beans.” Note how the sentence touches upon what was tested and what the outcome was, but leaves out most of the details.</span></span></span></span></p><div class="my-5 contextual-link-data"><a href="https://www.editage.com/insights/10-tips-for-writing-a-persuasive-research-paper-abstract?refer-type=infographics" class="contextual-link-click" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div class="align-items-center d-flex justify-content-between contextual-flex-seperator"><div class="contextual-link-div-one"><div class="d-inline-block contextual-link-click link-content-type-name font-18 text-dark text-uppercase font-weight-bold">Related Infographic</div></div><div class="contextual-link-click d-flex justify-content-between flex-1 border-lg-left pl-2 pl-lg-3 w-100"><img srx="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2020-04/feather-book-open.png" src="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2020-04/feather-book-open.png" class="lazyload d-none d-lg-inline-block contextual-content-type-icon"><div class="ml-2 my-3 contextual-middle-wrapper"><div class="contextual-link-click link-title">10 Tips for writing a persuasive research paper abstract</div><div class="contextual-link-click link-description op-6 font-16 d-none d-lg-block text-dark">A research paper&nbsp;abstract&nbsp;help readers decide whether…</div></div><div class="ml-1 ml-sm-2"><div class="type-name-bg-img position-relative h-100 ovf-hidden view contextual-image-wrapper" style="background:url(https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/styles/contextual_thumbnail/public/10%20Tips%20for%20writing%20a%20persuasive%20research%20paper%20abstract_0.jpg?itok=lFhclktX) no-repeat center;background-size:cover"><div class="contextual-content-type position-absolute font-weight-bold font-14-16 contextual-link-click mask flex-center contextual-mask contextual-white-mask"><span class="text-dark px-2 contextual-views">5.9k </span></div></div></div></div></div></a></div><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">Here is another fictitious example of a research paper conclusion. “The commuters enjoy a wide choice in different modes of transport—taking a public bus or a commuter train, riding a bicycle, walking, or driving, but the final choice was influenced the most by how long it took to reach the destination, irrespective of the mode used. For short distances up to 1.5 km, bicycling or walking was the most efficient in terms of time, and for distances longer than 15 km, the most preferred choice was commuter trains if the roads were congested and driving if they were not.” </span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">At times, you may have to confess that the data did not point to a definitive conclusion. For example, I read today of a study</span><sup><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span>1</span></span></sup><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB"> to find out the best font for web pages. The conclusion of the study? There is no single right font, because it depends on reader preferences and also their age, and what the readers liked best was not necessarily the font in which they read the fastest.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">In such situations, it is acceptable to mention in the conclusion any future directions for research that may help in providing more definitive answers.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><b><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">Whether to continue using abbreviations</span></b></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">It is customary to spell out any uncommon abbreviations the first time they are used in a paper and use the abbreviated version from then on. However, you may want to avoid using any abbreviations when writing the conclusion section as a considerate gesture to those who may want to focus only on that section and skip the rest. After all, if the journal does not favour this practice, the journal’s copy editor is free to put the abbreviations back in.</span></span></span></span></p><div class="my-5 contextual-link-data"><a href="https://www.editage.com/insights/6-mistakes-to-avoid-when-writing-your-research-paper-part-2?refer-type=video" class="contextual-link-click" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div class="align-items-center d-flex justify-content-between contextual-flex-seperator"><div class="contextual-link-div-one"><div class="d-inline-block contextual-link-click link-content-type-name font-18 text-dark text-uppercase font-weight-bold">Related Video</div></div><div class="contextual-link-click d-flex justify-content-between flex-1 border-lg-left pl-2 pl-lg-3 w-100"><img srx="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2020-04/feather-book-open.png" src="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2020-04/feather-book-open.png" class="lazyload d-none d-lg-inline-block contextual-content-type-icon"><div class="ml-2 my-3 contextual-middle-wrapper"><div class="contextual-link-click link-title">6 Mistakes to avoid when writing your research paper (Part 2) </div><div class="contextual-link-click link-description op-6 font-16 d-none d-lg-block text-dark">In the&nbsp;first part&nbsp;of this video&nbsp;John McDonald,…</div></div><div class="ml-1 ml-sm-2"><div class="type-name-bg-img position-relative h-100 ovf-hidden view contextual-image-wrapper" style="background:url(https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/styles/contextual_thumbnail/public/6%20language%20mistakes%20you%20can%20avoid%20part%202_0.jpg?itok=OUgPPNaU) no-repeat center;background-size:cover"><div class="contextual-content-type position-absolute font-weight-bold font-14-16 contextual-link-click mask flex-center contextual-mask contextual-white-mask"><span class="text-dark px-2 contextual-views">29.8k </span></div></div></div></div></div></a></div><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><b><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">Conclusion</span></b></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">With these tips, the research paper conclusion should be the easiest part to write once you have written the whole paper—all you need to do is to focus on the most important takeaways.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><b><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">Reference</span></b></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;margin:0in 0in 8pt">&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoBibliography" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt"><span><span><span><span lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wallace, S. <i>et al.</i> Towards Individuated Reading Experiences: Different Fonts Increase Reading Speed for Different Individuals. <i>ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact.</i> <b>29</b>, 38:1–38:56 (2022).</span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <div> <h2></h2> <div class="top-article-pages-banner bottom-banner"> </div> </div> <div> <h2></h2> <div class="article-banner-image-footer 23060"> <div class="desktop_view"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://discovery.researcher.life/?utm_campaign=editage-insights-banner5_article--row&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=contentmarketing" data-event-category="Detail page banner click" data-event-action="Banner click - Article - Guest user" data-event-label="editage-insights-banner5_article--row"> <img id="detail-page-banner-desktop-bottom" srx="https://cdn.editage.com/insights/editagecom/production/2022-03/R%20Discovery-Presentation%20Pack656x250-4_1.png"> </a> </div> <div class="mobile_view"> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://discovery.researcher.life/?utm_campaign=editage-insights-banner5_article--row&utm_medium=banner&utm_source=contentmarketing" 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Briefly summarize the key arguments made in the body, showing how each of them contributes to proving your thesis.
What 3 things should be in a conclusion?Conclusions, or your concluding paragraphs, have three important jobs- they restate your thesis, reinforce your argument, and remind readers of the importance of your subject.
What are the 5 steps of a conclusion?Here are some key aspects to include in your conclusion to ensure its effectiveness:. End the essay on a positive note.. Communicate the importance of your ideas and the subject matter.. Provide the reader with a sense of closure.. Reiterate and summarize your main points.. Rephrase and then restate your thesis statement.. |
How to write a conclusion for a scientific paper
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